XVI
Having decided to study music, L. moves to Leipzig in order to begin his private studies with Wendell Kretzschmar. Leipzig is the city of Johann Sebastian Bach, whom nationalists have always loved to claim as one of the most canonically “German” composers, but also of Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847), the Jewish composer who reintroduced Bach to the German public after a century of near oblivion. This productive tension will cast a long shadow over L.’s career: his preoccupation with premodern musical forms will allude to Bach, while his final work will be a symphonic cantata, a genre practically invented by Mendelssohn. Leipzig is also where L. first meets Esmeralda, the succubus-like prostitute who will infect him with syphilis and thereby initiate the devil’s pact. Esmeralda has already been foreshadowed by the butterfly of the same name in chapter III and will reappear later in the novel as the mysterious Frau von Tolna. L. recounts their meeting in a letter to Z. written in a mockingly archaic idiom.
Time of composition: May 10–24, 1944. Time of narration: Summer 1943. Narrated time: 1905.
146/201
a pronounced taste for quotes
L.’s taste for parody, pastiche, and quotations has been shaped by Kretzschmar’s lectures on Beethoven in VIII, and will later also come to characterize his musical compositions. TM thought about his own works (and specifically DF) along similar lines.
147/202
“shoving Holy Writ”
See 140/192.
148/204
Friday after The Purification, 1905
Candlemas, celebrated annually on February 2. The dating makes no sense; L. did not arrive in Leipzig until the fall of 1905. Perhaps TM intended to write “1906,” although this would mean that roughly four months passed between the incident in the brothel and the composition of the letter, not “weeks” as Z. will claim on 156/214.
148/204
Ballistier
Someone who operates a siege weapon; a reference to Z.’s service in the artillery. The German ballisticus has an even more mocking ring to it.
148/204
feet and morae
In the study of poetry, a “foot” is a metrical unit that in turn is comprised of one or more morae. For instance, an Iambic foot is comprised of an unstressed and a stressed mora.
148/204
“In God shalt thou believe”
A folk saying that dates back to the seventeenth century.
148/204
Pleisse, Parthe, and Elster
The description of the city in the following paragraphs, like that of Halle in the previous chapters, was heavily influenced by the relevant entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica.
148/204
“That great city”
John 4:11.
148/204–5
its fairs, the autumnal variety
The great fair of Leipzig does indeed take place in the autumn, which cements the dating of L.’s arrival.
149/205
my Leipzig
A quotation from the “Auerbach’s Cellar” scene in Goethe’s Faust I, which takes place in Leipzig.
149/205
centrum musicae
Latin: “center of music.” Leipzig is famous, among other things, for being the city of Johann Sebastian Bach.
149/205
Gewandhaus
The Gewandhaus is a famous concert hall in Leipzig. The Jewish composer and conductor Felix Mendelssohn, who among other things was responsible for the Bach revival of the nineteenth century, directed it from 1835 to 1841.
149/205
clavicymbal
Cembalo (an ancestor of the piano).
149/206
punctum contra punctum
Latin: “counterpoint.”
150/206
Gradus ad Parnassum
1725 textbook on counterpoint by Johann Joseph Fux (1660–1741).
150/207
somewhat like our Schleppfuss
The porter’s external appearance, his pronunciation, and his servile demeanor all mark him as another devil figure.
151/208
Auerbach’s Inn
Famous tavern in Leipzig; the setting for one of the scenes in Goethe’s Faust.
151/208
Lantern […] the very red
Red lanterns are a traditional identifying mark of brothels.
151/208
through the entry a dame
L.’s adventures in the brothel were heavily influenced by a similar episode that TM found in a 1901 biography of Friedrich Nietzsche by Paul Deussen (1845–1919).
151/209
morphos, clearwings, esmeraldas
The comparison of the prostitutes to butterflies links this chapter to chapter III.
152/209
behold opposite me a piano
L. has already displayed similar behavior on 122/167.
152/209
hermit’s prayer […] Freischütz
The “hermit’s prayer” concludes Carl Maria von Weber’s opera about a devil’s pact, Der Freischütz, and functions as a kind of musical exorcism, in which demonic influences are dissolved by the musical purity of C major.
152/209
ars metrificandi
Latin: “the art of meter.”
152/209
“comprehensive worldview”
TM appears to have invented this quote as a way of setting up the subsequent discussion of Romanticism.
152/210
later Beethoven and his polyphony
This phrase owes a lot to Adorno’s unconventional use of the term “polyphony” in both “Late Style in Beethoven” and Philosophy of New Music. The idea will be developed more fully in chapter XXV.
153/958
Beethoven never achieved
See Kretzschmar’s second lecture in VIII, which L. is here combining with some of his own reflections from 82/931.
153/958
elves and nixies
A reference to A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1842) by Felix Mendelssohn.
153/210
J’espère vous voir ce soir
French: “I hope to see you tonight, although that moment might possibly drive me mad.” The hint of queer longing that we can detect in this phrase possibly alludes to the quite similar desires Z. seems to project onto L.
153/211
Ecce epistola!
Latin: “Look at the letter [I have written]!” A reference both Nietzsche, who wrote a book called Ecce Homo, and to Jesus Christ, to whom these words traditionally refer.