Index
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Abram, Christopher 44, 88, 105
Agamben, Giorgio 16, 118, 142, 204
‘anthropological machine’ 118
‘intimate caesura’ 16, 118, 142, 204
agency
distributed 16, 84, 95, 101–4, 105, 109–10
human 9, 39, 40, 43, 90, 137, 142–3, 165, 180, 184, 185, 201
nonhuman 9, 64, 95, 96, 100–4, 132
Alaimo, Stacy 88
Alexanders saga 163
Andvaranautr 100
animacy 9, 37–8, 61, 64, 78, 85, 86, 87, 96, 105, 108, 186
animal
and human identity 16, 111–44, 200–1, 203–5
consumption of humans 21–2, 132–3
embodiment 62–3, 91, 119–20, 183, 200
emotion and cognition 130–1, 207–8
flesh/meat 16, 136–7, 141, 143, 125 n.81, 132–3, 137, 140, 142, 206 n.4
kennings 32–3, 38–9, 40, 94
riddles 47–9, 108
speech xiii, 129–30, 136, 138, 140, 142, 206 n.4
transformation 102–3, 121, 124–5, 150–1, 154–5, 157–8, 162–6, 167, 168–70, 181–4, 186, 187, 200, 204, 205 n.3
See also zoomorphism
anthropomorphism 16, 40, 47, 84, 105–6, 107, 110
anthropophagy 16, 117, 118, 122, 127, 132–3, 142
accidental 133
symbolism of 122, 127, 133
antisociality 113, 114, 117, 121, 123–4, 141, 187, 204, 205 n.3
Antóníuss saga 160
Aquinas, Thomas 192
Aristotle 112, 130 n.112
Ármann Jakobsson 176 n.182, 191
Atlakviða 120, 133
Atlamál in grœnlenzku 120, 133, 141
Attwood, Katrina 193
Augustine of Hippo 23, 76, 158, 207
De civitate Dei 76, 158
autonomy 2, 101, 117, 130 n.112, 148, 170, 177, 180, 184, 185, 205–6
loss of 101, 117, 170
Bakhtin, Mikhail 36–7, 131
Baldr 26, 87
Bandlien, Bjørn 4
Becket, Thomas 62
Bennett, Jane 105
body
and environment 3–7, 15, 16, 17, 30, 36–7, 45, 49, 50, 84, 85–92, 103, 109–10, 114, 116, 131, 197, 203, 209
and soul 6, 17, 181, 191–6
as microcosm 83, 87, 197, 207
as ‘specimen’ 59, 77
body horror 54, 64 n.56
body-object networks 95–104, 109–10
body schema 5, 103
embodied self 2, 17, 24, 49, 64, 144, 191
in kennings 33–44
non-normative 10, 22, 49, 53–6
openness of 1, 5, 62 77, 110, 114–16, 132, 141, 143–4, 203, 204, 207, 208
Bósa saga 166–7
Bourns, Timothy 117 n.37, 129
Brennu-Njáls saga 131 n.113, 198 n.121
Brot af Sigurðarkviðu 129, 139 n.159, 143
Bynum, Caroline Walker 1, 150 n.12, 192
Byock, Jesse 65, 135
Caesarius of Heisterbach 196
cannibalism See anthropophagy
Clunies Ross, Margaret 12, 26, 28 n.35, 51 n.3, 78, 87–8, 99, 109
cognition 6, 12, 16, 17, 26, 30, 45, 49, 77, 94, 104, 110, 115 n.27, 130, 132, 142–4, 156, 165, 170, 181, 191–4, 196, 199, 203, 204, 207–8
distributed 49, 104, 110, 130
consumption/ingestion 16, 21, 77, 117, 131, 132–41, 142, 144, 205 n.3, 206
and knowledge 131
digestion 21, 131–2
laws concerning 132–3
See also mind-altering victuals
contamination 132, 137
See also consumption/ingestion
corporal punishment 78
cosmology 16, 24, 28, 36, 83–9, 91, 92, 94, 105, 197, 203
Neoplatonism 88 n.25, 112, 197, 207
Csordas, Thomas 51
cyborg 77
Dailey, Patricia 45
Dáinsleifr 100–1
Deichl, Florian 124
Deleuze, Gilles 133
Dínus saga drambláta 102
disability and bodily difference 15, 22–3, 28, 30, 49, 53–6, 61–3, 77–9
Christian approach to 22–3
legal definitions of 61
disability studies 7, 9–11, 53, 54
disability as ‘narrative prosthesis’ 11, 29, 30, 55
dismemberment and fragmentation 1, 3, 15, 21–50, 56, 65, 77, 88, 109, 116, 203, 205, 207
male dismemberment 24, 25, 28–9, 30, 49, 99, 109
Draupnir 95, 97
Duggals leizla 192 n.77, 194, 195–6
Egils saga einhenda ok Ásmundar berserkjabana 15–16, 51–79, 151, 190, 205, 207
date of composition 52 n.4
relationship to Dolopathos 59–60
Elucidarius 83, 194, 197 n.113
embalming 27, 56, 57, 63–71, 72
entanglement 3, 5, 15, 16, 45, 49, 84–92, 94, 95, 105, 109, 134, 144, 187, 197, 203, 204
See also transcorporeality
environment See body: and environment
epistemology 36–7, 67, 83, 131
Eriksen, Marianne Hem 5 n.14, 64
Eriksen, Stefka 4
euhemerism 85, 89, 92, 109, 157, 169 n.151, 189
Eyrbyggja saga 152 n.21, 159, 160 n.82
Fáfnismál 122–3, 129, 138, 143
falcon-cloak See fjaðrhamr
Faulkes, Anthony 87
Fenris-wolf 26, 88, 90–2
Finch, R. 128, 138
fjaðrhamr 100, 102–3, 109, 163–4, 169 n.151, 170
food and drink See consumption/ingestion; mind-altering victuals
fornaldarsögur 11–12, 15, 51–6, 71, 72, 77–9, 136, 152, 154, 158, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 169, 170, 171, 173, 176, 184, 188, 189, 190, 205, 206
name 51 n.3
scholarly attitudes towards 54–6
settings 52, 65, 173
Fóstbrœðra saga 198–9
Fowler, Chris 49
Frank, Roberta 89
Freyja 97, 98, 100, 102–3, 109, 138 n.155, 164
Freyr 29, 96–7, 99
Friðþjófs saga frøkna 175
Frigg 23, 87, 102–3
Gade, Kari Ellen 44
Geirrøðr 35–6, 88–9, 98–9, 102, 170
gender 10, 14 n.52, 15, 24, 25, 28–30, 79, 98–100, 109–10, 126, 170, 185–6, 188, 201
genealogy 114–16, 123
genre 12–13, 17, 53, 54–5, 71, 148, 173, 176
Gleipnir 91–2
Glendinning, Robert 143
gods and goddesses 16, 23–30, 84, 85, 88–104, 109–10
injuries of 24–30
relationship with objects 95–104, 109–10
Grani 114 n.21, 115, 120, 126, 130–1, 205 n.2
Guðrúnarhvǫt 141
Guðrúnarkviða I 140, 143
Guðrúnarkviða II 133, 143
Grímnismál 88 n.25
Gríms saga loðinkinna 165, 173, 188, 190–1
Grípisspá 136 n.141, 139, 147, 155, 191
Guðmundar saga 66
Guðrún Nordal 34, 43
Gull-Þóris saga 154, 161
Gungnir 95, 96–7
Gǫngu-Hrólfs saga 55, 67, 68–71, 73–6, 131 n.113, 157
hagiography 21, 56, 61, 62, 65–7, 72, 75 n.115, 76, 157, 158, 159, 162
Haley-Halinski, E. A. 129, 158
Hamðismál 115–16, 118–19
Harðar saga 160–1
Haustlǫng 103
Hávamál 26, 27
health 1, 2, 5, 10, 22 n.6, 57, 197, 205
Heilags anda drápa 193–4
Heimdallr 26, 30, 49, 152
Helgakviða Hjǫrvarðssonar 129, 154 n.42, 188
Helgakviða Hundingsbana I 121, 125–6, 129, 142, 199 n.123
Helgakviða Hundingsbana II 118, 121, 127
Hermann, Pernille 104
Hervarar saga ok Heiðreks 23, 46, 185
Heiðreks gátur 15, 23, 45–51, 105, 107–09, 110
manuscript versions 46 n.127
Hjálmþérs saga ok Ǫlvis 152–3, 184 n.35, 188
Holmqvist, Karen 4
Hrólfs saga Gautrekssonar 185
Hrólfs saga kraka 142 n.172, 148, 149, 165, 166, 170, 173, 181, 183, 184, 191
Huginn and Muninn 97, 103–4, 109, 205 n.2, 206
humoral theory 64–5, 197–9
Af natturu mannzi bloði 197
Hǫðr 26
identity
as relational 4, 7, 44, 49, 50, 84, 101, 110
Cartesian paradigm 3, 4, 6, 203
definitions 2–3
See also personhood; selfhood
Iðunn 97, 102–3, 186
Illuga saga Gríðarfostra 188
Íslendingasögur 5, 11, 12, 54–6, 152, 154, 158, 161, 163, 167, 169, 173, 176, 189, 190
Jóns saga Baptista 175
Jóns saga helga 73–6,
Jǫrð 28
kin-slaying 113, 118–9, 120–3, 125–8, 137, 140, 141, 142, 143, 205 n.3
Knight, Gwendolyne 174
Knutson, Sara Ann 5 n.14, 95–6, 97
konungasögur 11, 55, 56, 154, 158, 159, 163, 164, 167, 171, 184
Korecká, Lucie 154
Kormáks saga 97 n.71
Künzler, Sarah 176
Kvasir 89–90
Lahti, Sofia 65–6
Latour, Bruno 9 n.29
Lavender, Philip 55
law code 13, 16, 22, 29 n.40, 53, 54, 61, 78, 79, 121, 123–4, 132, 208
Grágás 54 n.15, 78, 98 n.77, 124, 132
Jónsbók 54 n.15, 61, 78
Lawson, Michael 28,
Leizla Rannveigar 194–5, 196
Leslie-Jacobsen, Helen 55
Lie, Hallvard 90
Líknarbraut 192–3
limb-loss and injury 1, 2, 15–16, 22, 24–30, 49–50, 52–6, 60–3, 67, 72, 77–9, 104, 115, 116, 165
legal categories of 54, 61
See also dismemberment and fragmentation
limb-replantation 56, 57, 67, 70–7, 78
literacy 14 n.52
Lokasenna 26, 97, 135 n.132, 185, 189 n.62
Loki 26–7, 29, 91, 93, 97, 98, 101, 102–3, 152, 153, 162, 164–5, 170, 185, 186, 177–8
Lund, Julie 96 n.64, 99, 166 n.128
MacKendrick, Karmen 65
Magnús saga lengri 21–2
Mágus saga jarls 73–6, 159, 161, 185
Marie de France 125 n.84, 173
Maríu saga 157 n.60, 159
Mayburd, Mariusz 5, 56
mead of poetry 89–90, 142 n.172, 183, 193 n.84
medicine, medical discourse 5 n.17, 11, 15, 17, 56, 59–60, 64–5, 69–71, 72, 73–4, 76, 79, 115 n.24, 181, 191, 196–200, 201, 207
See also humoral theory
Meissner, Rudolf 33–4
Meulengracht Sørensen, Preben 14
Miðgarðsormr 94
Mímir 23, 26–7, 30, 49, 68–71
mind-altering victuals 77, 117, 131, 134–41, 142, 143, 206
Fáfnir’s heart xiii, 115, 129, 132–3, 136, 138, 140–1, 143
minnisveig 138–9
óminnisǫl 134–6, 138, 143
Mitchell, Stephen 12, 52
Mjǫllnir 96–9, 101
Naglfar 90
new materialism 7, 9, 101 n.93, 110
Novotná, Marie 5–6, 44 n.123, 173 n.165, 176 n.180, 180 n.1
oath-breaking 113, 127, 135, 139, 143, 204 n.3
O’Connor, Ralph 75
Óðinn 23, 26–7, 28, 29–30, 46, 49, 68, 69, 71, 88, 89, 95, 96–7, 103–4, 109, 149, 156–8, 170, 183, 185, 204, 206, 207
odour of sanctity 66, 75, 78
Olley, Katherine 28 n.35, 116, 127 n.91
ontology 9, 11, 24, 31, 33–4, 43, 50, 56, 61, 63–4, 67, 77, 79, 83, 90, 94, 101, 109–10, 117, 124, 141, 150, 166, 171, 175, 177, 180, 184, 186, 191, 193, 201–6
orality 12–13, 135,
outlawry 121–4, 132 n.122
Passio et miracula beati Olaui 22–3
personhood 2 n.3, 4–6, 9, 16, 17, 49, 53, 64, 84, 95–100, 104, 109, 131 n.113, 192, 196, 199, 205–6, 208
Plato 83, 192
Pluskowski, Aleskandr 121
Poetic Edda
dating 11 n.38, 12, 112 n.6
heroic poems 118–33, 138–41
manuscript preservation 12, 24–5, 112, 139
lacuna 139, 143
Porter, Edel 50
posthumanism 7–9, 37, 50, 77, 110
potion See mind-altering victuals
Price, Neil 176
prosthesis 1, 15, 56, 57–8, 59, 60–3, 68, 72, 77, 102, 204, 205
Quinn, Judy 12, 30, 100, 106
Ragnarǫk 26 n.27, 84, 90, 92 n.45, 97, 99
Rán 97, 100
rationality 7, 8 n.25, 111, 129, 130, 137
synsemð and skilning 111, 137, 144
Reginsmál 122, 148 n.5, 185 n.36, 187
relics 16, 65–7, 207
scepticism towards 66
resurrection 15, 21–3, 23, 49, 76, 78, 132, 207
riddarasögur 11, 12, 56, 72, 136, 152, 154, 156, 158, 159, 161, 162, 163, 164, 167, 169, 171, 184, 189
riddles 15, 16, 23, 24, 45–8, 50, 84, 105, 107–10, 116, 187, 204, 205, 206
cognitive function of 45
comparison with skaldic kennings 45–6
See also Heiðreks gátur
Samsons saga fagra 156, 185
selfhood 2 n.3, 17, 77, 175, 177, 180–1, 184, 191, 201
senna 121, 125–6 , 128, 135 n.132, 142, 188
Shaw, David Gary 4
Sif 29, 101–2
Sigrdrífumál 134, 138–9, 143
Sigrgarðs saga frœkna 156
Sigurðar saga turnara 159–60
Sigurðarkviða in skamma 123, 139, 140, 143
Sigurdson, Erika 78
sjónhverfingar (sight-deceptions) 72, 75, 150, 159–61, 178, 186, 188, 189, 205
skaldic poetry 12, 16, 23, 24, 30–47, 49–50, 84, 85, 95–6, 105–7, 110, 111 n.2, 162, 167, 169, 192–4, 196, 205, 206
heiti 43, 90, 95
kennings 11, 23, 30–47, 48, 49–50, 85, 89, 93, 94, 95, 96, 100, 105–7, 108, 110, 124, 138, 183, 187, 188, 192–4, 204, 205, 206
bodies in 33–44
comparison with eddic riddles 45–6
nýgǫrvingar 45
objects in 38–9, 105–7
Snorri’s interpretations of 89–90,
structure and function 31–2, 94, 124, 183, 188
metre 30 n.45, 31, 45 n.126
Skíðblaðnir 95, 96
Skírnismál 97
Sleipnir 49, 114 n.21, 204
Snorra Edda 16, 23, 24–30, 49, 54, 83–104, 109–10, 112, 154, 158, 162, 163, 167, 168, 169–70, 171, 189, 206
Gylfaginning 23, 25 n.13, 26, 28, 85, 87, 92, 97, 161 n.88, 163, 185, 189
title 92
Háttatal 25 n.13, 44
manuscript versions 24–5 n.13
Prologue 25 n.13, 85–7, 92, 205
Skáldskaparmál 25 n.13, 26, 29, 85, 87, 98–9, 100–1, 112, 116, 119, 120, 136, 137–8, 142, 148 n.5, 170, 189 n.60
Snorri Sturluson 24, 25, 26, 45, 84, 85 n.9, 89–91, 97, 99, 101, 102, 109, 112, 136, 137–8, 157, 189, 206, 207
Stjórn 111, 154–5
Strengleikar 125 n.84, 173–4
Sturlaugs saga Starfsama 161
Sǫrla þáttr 153, 164–5
taxonomy 32–3, 148, 171
Third Grammatical Treatise 111 n.2
Thómas saga erkibyskups 56, 62–3
Torfi Tulinius 52 n.5, 134, 142
transcorporeality 88
transformation
and agency/volition 17, 148, 157, 165, 180, 184, 185, 201
and gender boundaries 185–6
and recognition 17, 190–1, 200, 201
human-to-animal 181–4
human-to-human 184–6
human-to-object 186
language of 147–79
nouns 167–71
álit 157, 178
ásjóna 153, 154, 156, 157, 163, 164, 167, 169, 171, 173, 176–7, 177–8
hamr and related compounds 103, 150, 154, 155, 157, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167–71, 173, 174–7, 177–9, 180 n.1, 189
líki 151, 152, 153–4, 155, 157, 159, 161, 162, 163, 167–71, 173, 176, 177–9, 186, 187
litr 155, 157, 163, 167–8, 170–1, 173, 176, 177
mynd 153, 156, 163, 164, 167, 169, 171, 173, 176, 177–8
sýn 153, 154, 177
yfirlit 147, 153, 154, 157 n.60, 164, 167, 169, 171, 173, 176, 177–8
verbs 151–67, 172, 174, 176, 177–9
mechanisms of 180, 188–9
temporality of 187–8
types 17, 150, 171–4
hybridisation 17, 150, 164, 167, 171–4, 177
illusion 17, 72, 150, 152, 157, 158–61, 167, 171–4, 176, 177, 189, 207
See also sjónhverfingar
metamorphosis 17, 148–9, 121, 125, 128, 150, 152, 157, 158, 164, 171–4, 175, 176, 177
trees 1, 28, 40, 42–3, 87, 105, 115
Týr 23, 26–7, 29
Útgarða-Loki 91, 93–4, 161 n.88, 189
Vafþrúðnismál 88 n.25
vengeance 114, 119, 123–5, 141, 142
Viðarr 90–1, 97
Viðrøða æðru ok hugrekki 102
violence 53–4, 72, 132
visionary literature 194–6
Vǫlsa þáttr 68–71
Vǫlsunga saga 16, 65, 112, 114–17, 118, 119, 124–5, 130–2, 134–7, 138, 140, 141, 142–4, 148, 155, 162, 163, 165, 167, 171, 173, 184, 185, 187–8, 190
manuscript preservation and dating 112 n.7
prose in 16, 116–17, 121, 128, 130–1, 134, 135, 143, 187–8
wolf-skin episode 115, 121, 124–8, 149, 162, 165, 166, 183 n.32, 184, 185, 205 n.3
Vǫlundarkviða 164
Vǫluspá 26, 91 n.40, 127
wholeness 1, 15, 22–4, 29, 34, 49, 53, 61, 65, 71, 76–9, 192, 205
heill 1, 21–2, 60–1, 76, 102 n.101
humanae naturae figuram 23, 78
Wilson, Joshua 55
wolves 21, 31, 33, 34, 38, 39, 41, 84, 107, 115, 117, 120–8, 132, 133, 137, 140, 142, 144, 149, 165, 169, 182, 185, 204
in legal terminology 121, 123–4
wolfish identity 120–8
See also Fenris-wolf
Ymir 28, 36, 87–8
Ynglinga saga 68–71, 149, 156–8, 207
zoomorphism 16, 84, 105, 107–8
Þórr 29, 35–6, 88, 91, 93–4, 96–9, 101, 109, 206
Þórsdrápa 35–6, 98–9
Þorsteins saga Víkingssonar 147, 152, 161, 175, 185, 188
Þrymskviða 98, 99, 103
æsir and ásynjur See gods and goddesses
Ǫrvar-Odds saga 166