Illustrations

1. London, British Library, Cotton MS Vespasian A. I, fol. 12r, ‘Vespasian Psalter: Psalms 2–3’. Reproduced by permission of the British Library.

2. London, British Library, Cotton MS Vespasian A. I, fol. 12v, ‘Vespasian Psalter: Psalm 3.’ Reproduced by permission of the British Library.

3. Cambridge, University Library, MS Ff. 1, 23, fol. 7r, ‘Cambridge Psalter: Psalm 3.1–3.7’. Reproduced by kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library.

4. Bibliothèque nationale de France, MS Latin 8824, fol. 2r, ‘Paris Psalter: Prose Psalms 2–3’. Reproduced by permission of BnF.

5. London, British Library, Cotton MS Nero D. IV, fol. 29r, ‘Lindisfarne Gospels: Mt. 1.18, with Old English gloss’.Reproduced by permission of the British Library.

6. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Auct. D. 2. 19, fol. 2v, ‘Farman’s gloss on Rushworth Gospels: Mt. 1.18–19’. Reproduced by permission of the Bodleian Libraries. Open Access Licence CC BY-NC 4.0.

7. Cambridge Corpus Christi College MS 140, fols 2v–3r, ‘Wessex Gospels: opening of Gospel of Matthew with Latin headings in red’. Reproduced by permission of The Parker Library, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge.

8. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Bodley 441, fol. 11v, ‘Wessex Gospels: Mt. 7–8 with Old English rubric and Latin pericope marker’. Reproduced by permission of the Bodleian Libraries. Open Access Licence CC BY-NC 4.0.

9. London, British Library, Cotton MS Claudius B. IV, fol. 59v, ‘Old English Illustrated Hexateuch: Pharaoh has his baker hanged (Gen. 40.22)’. Reproduced by permission of the British Library.

10. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud Misc. 509, fol. 1r, ‘Ælfric’s Preface to Genesis’. Reproduced by permission of the Bodleian Libraries. Open Access Licence CC BY-NC 4.0.

11. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud Misc. 509, fol. 3r, ‘Old English Heptateuch: End of Ælfric’s Preface to Genesis/opening of Ælfric’s translation of Genesis’. Reproduced by permission of the Bodleian Libraries. Open Access Licence CC BY-NC 4.0.

12. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud Misc. 509, fol. 72r, ‘Old English Heptateuch: end of Leviticus, opening of Numbers’. Reproduced by permission of the Bodleian Libraries. Open Access Licence CC BY-NC 4.0.

13. Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud Misc. 509, fol. 120v, ‘Opening of Ælfric’s Treatise on the Old and New Testaments’.Reproduced by permission of the Bodleian Libraries. Open Access Licence CC BY-NC 4.0.

1. Comparison of Luke 23.34–40 in Vulgate, Wessex Gospels, Lindisfarne and Rushworth glosses

2. Comparison of Matthew 27.35–42 in Vulgate, Wessex Gospels and HomS18

3. Comparison of Matthew 27.39–42 in Vulgate, Wessex Gospels and Ælfric’s Palm Sunday Homily

4. Comparison of Genesis 19.1–3 in Vulgate and Ælfric’s Genesis

5. Comparison of Joshua 10.5–10 in Vulgate and Ælfric’s Joshua