Acknowledgements

I am likewise thankful to a range of friends and colleagues, especially at the University of York and Universität Kassel, who provided a range of help and support. In particular, for help, suggestions and conversation about the interpretation and translation of texts in Latin, Old French and Old English, as well as modern French, German and Italian, I would like to thank Artur Costrino, Robert Smith, Erika Graham-Goering, Luke Giraude, Lauren Stokeld and Anna-Lena Bulgrin. Likewise, for their friendship and support, particularly through the isolating environment of the pandemic, Elizabeth Biggs, Phillip Landgrebe and Christina Bies. For support with research, I would like to thank Fabienne Schwizer and Regina Reisch. A further round of thanks is due to Elizabeth and Fabienne for helpful comments on the manuscript during the last stages of editing. Finally, my work has also benefited from comments and conversation with a range of scholars, particularly when presenting various aspects of this research in York, Leeds, Aberystwyth and Cambridge. Thanks both small and large are due, but certainly not limited, to Björn Weiler, Wim Verbaal, Alheydis Plassmann, Sarah Bendall, Antoni Grabowski, Ryan Kemp, Christoph Pretzer, Jacqueline Burek and Ivo Wolsing. This cannot be a complete list and I would also like to extend thanks to anyone who has been missed. It goes without saying, of course, that whatever faults, errors or infelicities remain are entirely my own.

The core research for this book was carried out with funding from the Centre for Medieval Studies at the University of York, in connection to which great thanks are due to Gillian Galloway and Brittany Scowcroft. Some of the revisions of this book were also carried out while undertaking research funded by the Leverhulme Trust. The Elizabeth Salter Fund also provided funding for research that went into this book. I am also very grateful to the Universitätsbibliothek in Leipzig for allowing me to consult some of their manuscript holdings as well as to the exceedingly helpful librarians at the Bibliotheca Albertina. Thanks are due also to the staff at Boydell, particularly to Laura Bennetts, who has been extremely helpful with sorting out images for the book, and above all to Caroline Palmer, who has been a steady voice of encouragement during the ups and downs of bringing the book to publication.

I would like to thank my family for their support throughout this work. Don Selby in particular has offered frequent advice and encouragement throughout the process of writing and bringing the book to publication. I am likewise indebted to Judy Wolever, especially for her gracious work in copy-editing large portions of the book. Finally, a huge debt of gratitude is owed to Anna-Lena Bulgrin for her continued support and above all for her patience and forbearance through the editing process for this book.