Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council [grant number AH/V008536/1].

I am grateful to the Arts and Humanities Research Council for the award of a fellowship to allow me to work on this book. Without this support, progress would have been much slower and I would not have been able to receive generous feedback from colleagues at conferences in the United States and UK, especially Katja Garloff, Agnes Mueller, and Helen Finch.
I am also grateful to the University of the Free State in South Africa, where I am a Research Fellow. Its support has also been vital in allowing me to travel to archives in Germany. I am delighted to have this association with South Africa, where I have been involved in public engagement and Holocaust education activities for many years, especially with the Johannesburg Holocaust and Genocide Foundation. The JHGF does important work with all communities in South Africa, and indeed across the continent, on human rights and building resilience for democratic transformation.
The research presented here was completed in early 2024, following the vicious attack by Hamas on Israel of October 7, 2023, which killed more than 1,200 people, overwhelmingly Jews but also Arab citizens and migrant workers from around the world. Israel’s response was ferocious and, by mid-2024, had killed more than 40,000 Palestinian residents of Gaza. Around the world, understandable outrage and legitimate criticism have often been drowned out by antisemitic provocations, on the one hand, and anti-Muslim prejudice, on the other.